The motion accuracy of the slider of a closed single-point high-precision punching machine has a decisive influence on the quality and production efficiency of stamping products, and its control principle involves several key aspects.
First, the precision design of the transmission system is the foundation. Punching machines usually use transmission components such as crankshafts and connecting rods to convert the rotational motion of the motor into the linear motion of the slider. In this process, the machining accuracy of the crankshaft, the length of the connecting rod and the connection accuracy are crucial. High-precision crankshaft manufacturing can ensure the stability and accuracy of its rotary motion, making the trajectory of the slider more accurate when the connecting rod drives the slider. For example, the crankshaft is processed using advanced CNC machining technology, and the roundness, cylindricity and coaxiality of its journal and other parameters are strictly controlled to reduce the slider motion deviation caused by the crankshaft's own error. At the same time, the connection between the connecting rod and the crankshaft and the slider adopts high-precision spherical bearings or sliding bearings, and ensures the matching accuracy during installation, so that the force transmission is more stable and uniform, thereby providing a guarantee for the precise movement of the slider.
Secondly, the guide rail system guides and constrains the slider movement. The guide rails of punching machines usually use high-precision linear guides or dovetail guides. Linear guides have the characteristics of low friction coefficient and high motion accuracy. The precise fit between the raceway and the slider can effectively limit the displacement deviation of the slider in the vertical and horizontal directions. By optimizing the installation process of the guide rails, the straightness and parallelism of the guide rails are guaranteed, so that the slider always runs along the predetermined linear trajectory during the up and down reciprocating motion. For example, when installing the guide rails, high-precision measuring instruments are used for calibration to ensure that the parallelism error between the two guide rails is controlled within a very small range, and the guide rails are cleaned, lubricated and precision checked regularly, and the precision changes caused by wear and other reasons are adjusted in time to maintain the accuracy of the slider movement.
Furthermore, advanced control systems are the core of achieving slider motion precision control. Modern closed single-point high-precision punching machines are equipped with high-performance CNC systems that can monitor and adjust the slider motion parameters in real time. By installing high-precision displacement sensors, speed sensors and other detection elements on the slider, the actual motion state of the slider is fed back to the control system. The control system precisely controls the motor speed, torque, etc. according to the preset motion curve and accuracy requirements, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the slider movement speed, stroke, position, etc. For example, during the stamping process, when the slider movement speed deviation is detected, the control system will immediately adjust the motor output power so that the slider quickly returns to the set speed to ensure the consistency and high precision of each stamping action.
Finally, the overall structural rigidity of the punch press should not be ignored. The body structure of the closed single-point punch press is welded with high-strength cast iron or steel plates, and has good rigidity and stability. Sufficient structural rigidity can reduce the deformation of the body caused by force during the stamping process and avoid the deviation of the slider movement trajectory caused by the deformation of the body. By optimizing the structural design of the body, such as adding reinforcing ribs and reasonably distributing the wall thickness, the deformation resistance of the body is improved, providing a solid foundation for the stable control of the slider movement accuracy, ensuring that in long-term, high-intensity stamping operations, the punch press can always maintain excellent slider movement accuracy and produce high-quality stamping products.
